{"id":47167,"date":"2025-03-19T14:44:52","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T13:44:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sdbcheck.de\/ghs-hazard-classes\/"},"modified":"2025-08-11T14:00:18","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T12:00:18","slug":"ghs-hazard-classes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sdbcheck.de\/en\/ghs-hazard-classes\/","title":{"rendered":"GHS – Hazard classes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\"GHS07<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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The Globally Harmonized System (GHS)<\/strong> for the classification and labelling of chemicals<\/strong> was introduced to ensure the safe handling of hazardous substances worldwide.[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong> It ensures that hazardous substances are classified internationally in a uniform manner and labeled with clear GHS pictograms.In the European Union, the implementation of the GHS is legally regulated<\/strong> by the CLP Regulation (EC) No. 1272\/2008 [2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GHS labeling<\/strong> allows companies, employees and consumers to identify the risks posed by a substance at a glance. Each GHS symbol<\/strong> stands for a specific hazard class, such as flammability, toxicity or environmental hazard. This clear labeling is a central component of hazardous substance management and helps to prevent accidents at work and health risks. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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What do the GHS symbols mean?<\/h2>\n\n

The GHS symbols<\/strong> are internationally standardized hazard pictograms<\/strong> that are used on packaging, safety data sheets<\/a><\/strong> and lists of hazardous substances<\/strong><\/a> are to be found. They provide information at a glance about the risks posed by a substance or mixture. GHS pictograms<\/strong> are eye-catching symbols with a red frame, black symbol on a white background<\/strong> and ensure clear labeling<\/strong> of hazardous substances. There are a total of nine different GHS pictograms<\/strong>, each of which stands for a specific hazard class<\/strong>. These hazard pictograms<\/strong> are particularly important for companies as they help to identify safety measures at an early stage and implement them correctly. <\/p>\n\n

Why are GHS pictograms so important?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u2714 Uniform and clear labeling of hazardous chemicals\u2714 Easy to understand for employees in industry and trade\u2714 Meets legal requirements for the safe handling of hazardous substances\u2714 Helps with the correct storage and use of chemicals<\/p>\n\n

In the following section you will find a detailed overview of the GHS pictograms<\/strong>, in which the meaning of the GHS symbols<\/strong> and their hazard classes<\/strong> are explained. We also explain which H-phrases<\/strong><\/a> (hazard statements)<\/a> belong to the respective substances and how companies can implement the correct labeling<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n

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How to recognize hazardous substances – TheGHS pictograms and their meaning<\/h2>\n\n

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\"GHS01<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"GHS02<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"GHS03<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"GSH04<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"GHS05<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"GHS06<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"GHS07<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"GHS08<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"GHS09<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\"GHS01<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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GHS01 – Exploding bomb<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hazard classes:<\/strong> Explosive substances and mixtures; Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H-phrases \/<\/strong> appropriate hazard class H200, H201, H203, H204<\/a> \/<\/strong> Explosive substances\/mixtures, products containing explosive substances (unstable) H240, H241<\/a> \/<\/strong> Self-reactive substances\/mixtures H240, H241<\/a> \/<\/strong> Organic peroxides \ud83e\udc16 Substances which may explode\/self-decompose easily<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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What does that mean?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

This symbol warns of chemicals that can explode under certain conditions, for example due to heat, friction or impact. These substances are particularly dangerous during transportation and storage <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples:<\/strong> Certain peroxides in paints and coatings, spray cans with propellants, certain adhesives and sealants<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safety precautions:<\/strong>\u2714 Store in a cool, dry place away from sources of ignition\u2714 Use explosion-proof tools \u2714 Do not rub, press or knock<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"GHS02<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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GHS02 – Flame<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hazard classes:<\/strong> Flammable gases, liquids, aerosols and solids; Self-reactive substances\/mixtures; Self-heating substances\/mixtures; Organic peroxides; Desensitized explosive substances\/mixtures, Pyrophoric gases, liquids or solids<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H-phrases \/ <\/strong>appropriate hazard classH220, H221<\/a> \/<\/strong> Extremely flammable gasH220,<\/a> H230, H231<\/a> \/<\/strong> Chemically unstable gases \ud83e\udc16 May decompose or react spontaneouslyH222, H223, H229<\/a> \/<\/strong> Extremely flammable aerosolsH224, H225, H226<\/a> \/<\/strong> Flammable liquidsH228<\/a> \/<\/strong> Flammable solidsH241, H242<\/a> \/<\/strong> Self-reactive substances\/mixturesH220,<\/a> H232<\/a> \/Pyrophoric<\/strong>gases \ud83e\udc16 Ignite on contact with airH250<\/a> \/ <\/strong>Pyrophoric liquids and solids \ud83e\udc16 Ignite on contact with airH228<\/a> \/<\/strong> Flammable solidsH251, H252<\/a> \/<\/strong> Self-heating substances\/mixturesH260, H261<\/a> \/<\/strong> Substances\/mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gasesH241, H242<\/a> \/<\/strong> Organic peroxides \ud83e\udc16 Sensitive, explosive or self-reactive.H206, H207, H208<\/a> \/<\/strong> Desensitized explosive substances\/mixtures \ud83e\udc16 Attenuated explosives<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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What does that mean?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

This pictogram indicates substances that can easily ignite – for example through sparks, open flames or high temperatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples:<\/strong> Gasoline, brake cleaner, thinner, solvent-based paints, spray adhesive<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safety precautions:<\/strong>\u2714 Fireproof storage, keep away from heat sources\u2714 Avoid sparks and open flames\u2714 Keep container tightly closed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"GHS03<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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GHS03 – Flame above a circle<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hazard classes:<\/strong> Oxidizing gases, liquids and solids<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H-phrases \/<\/strong> appropriate hazard class H270\/<\/strong> Oxidizing gases \ud83e\udc16 Promotes fires by releasing oxygen. H271, H272<\/a> \/<\/strong> Oxidizing liquids \ud83e\udc16 Promotes fires by releasing oxygen. H271, H272<\/a> \/ <\/strong>Oxidizing solids \ud83e\udc16 Promotes fires by releasing oxygen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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What does that mean?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

These chemicals themselves are not necessarily flammable, but can intensify fires or make them more difficult to extinguish. They provide additional oxygen and are therefore particularly dangerous. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples:<\/strong> Oxygen cylinders, hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching agent<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safety precautions:<\/strong>\u2714 Store away from flammable materials\u2714 No direct contact with flammable materials \u2714 Keep away from heat and flames<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"GSH04<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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GSH04 – Gas cylinder<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hazard class:<\/strong> Gases under pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H-phrases \/ <\/strong>appropriate hazard class H280, H280<\/a> \/<\/strong> gases under pressure: compressed\/liquefied\/refrigerated liquefied\/dissolved<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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What does that mean?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Under unfavorable conditions, gases in pressurized cylinders can burst or – in the case of cryogenic gases – cause cold burns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples:<\/strong> Acetylene and oxygen cylinders, carbon dioxide cylinders (fire extinguishers)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safety precautions:<\/strong>\u2714 Wear protective gloves & goggles for cryogenic gases\u2714 Do not heat\u2714 Store upright and secured<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"GHS05<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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GHS05 – Corrosivity<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hazard classes:<\/strong> Skin corrosion\/irritation; Serious eye damage\/eye irritation; Corrosive to metals<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H-phrases \/ <\/strong>appropriate hazard class H290\/<\/strong> Corrosive to metals \ud83e\udc16 Destroys or weakens metals H314\/<\/strong> Skin irritation\/corrosion H318\/<\/strong> Serious eye damage\/irritation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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What does that mean?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

These chemicals can severely corrode the skin and eyes and attack materials such as metal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples:<\/strong> Battery acid, pickling and etching agents, strongly alkaline or acidic cleaning agents (e.g. drain cleaners)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safety precautions:<\/strong>\u2714 Avoid contact (wear safety goggles, gloves)\u2714 Provide emergency shower, eyewash station\u2714 Do not mix with water (risk of reaction)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"GHS06<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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GHS06 – Skull with crossed bones<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hazard classes:<\/strong> Acute toxicity oral, dermal and inhalation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H-phrases \/ <\/strong>appropriate hazard class H300, H301, H310, H311, H330, H331<\/a>:<\/strong> Acute toxicity \ud83e\udc16 Even the smallest quantities are toxic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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What does that mean? <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Even small amounts can be toxic or fatal – through inhalation, skin contact or ingestion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples:<\/strong> Certain hardeners for paints and resins, highly toxic electroplating chemicals, toxic pesticides<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safety precautions:<\/strong>\u2714 Do not touch, inhale or swallow \u2714 Store in an airtight container, ensure extraction\u2714 Never release into the environment<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"GHS07<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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GHS07 – Exclamation mark<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hazard classes:<\/strong> Acute toxicity; Skin irritation; Eye irritation; Skin sensitization; Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure); Aspiration hazard<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H-phrases \/ <\/strong>appropriate hazard classH302, H312, H332<\/a> \/<\/strong> acute toxicity \ud83e\udc16 Even the smallest amounts are toxic.H315<\/a> \/<\/strong> Irritant effect on the skinH319<\/a> \/<\/strong> Serious eye damage\/irritationH317<\/a> \/<\/strong> Skin sensitization \ud83e\udc16 May cause (long-term) skin allergyH335, H336<\/a> \/<\/strong> Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) \ud83e\udc16 harms specific organsH420<\/a> \/<\/strong> Harmful to the ozone layer<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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What does that mean?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

These substances are not necessarily fatal, but can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions or respiratory problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples:<\/strong> Solvent-based paints and thinners, cooling lubricants and oils, glass and sanitary cleaners<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safety precautions:<\/strong>\u2714 Avoid contact with skin and eyes(wear protective gloves & goggles)\u2714 Do not inhale or swallow\u2714 Use well-ventilated work areas<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"GHS08<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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GHS08 – Health hazard<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hazard classes:<\/strong> Carcinogenicity; Germ cell mutagenicity; Reproductive toxicity; Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure); Aspiration hazard<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H-phrases \/ <\/strong>appropriate hazard classH334<\/a> \/<\/strong> Respiratory sensitization \ud83e\udc16 May cause respiratory allergies or asthmaH340, H341<\/a> \/<\/strong> Germ cell mutagenicity \ud83e\udc16 May cause genetic defectsH350, H351<\/a> \/<\/strong> Carcinogenic effect \ud83e\udc16 May cause cancerH360, H361<\/a> \/<\/strong> Reproductive toxicity \ud83e\udc16 May damage fertility \/ the unborn childH370, H371<\/a> \/<\/strong> Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) \ud83e\udc16 harms specific organsH372, H373<\/a> \/<\/strong> Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) \ud83e\udc16 harms specific organsH304<\/a> \/<\/strong> Aspiration hazard \ud83e\udc16 May get into the lungs and cause serious breathing difficulties<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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What does that mean? <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

These substances can cause long-term damage to health, for example through regular contact or inhalation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples: <\/strong>Waste oil, benzene vapors, certain wood preservatives<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safety precautions:<\/strong>\u2714 Obtain information about the hazardous substance\u2714 Keep exposure as low as possible\u2714 Wear protective equipment(gloves, eye and mouth protection \/ respiratory protection)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"GHS09<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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GHS09 – Environmental hazard<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hazard class:<\/strong> Hazardous to the aquatic environment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H-phrases \/ <\/strong>appropriate hazard class H400\/<\/strong> acute \ud83e\udc16 Very toxic to aquatic life H410, 411<\/a> \/<\/strong> chronic \ud83e\udc16 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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What does that mean? <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

These chemicals are toxic to aquatic organisms and can cause long-term environmental damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples: <\/strong>Used oil, brake fluid, paints and varnishes containing solvents, pesticides, disinfectants<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safety precautions:<\/strong>\u2714 Do not discharge into waste water or soil\u2714 Dispose of in hazardous waste only\u2714 Observe environmental regulations<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

GHS labeling in practice: How to implement the requirements correctly<\/h3>\n\n

The GHS pictograms<\/strong> make it easier to identify hazardous substances, but legally compliant implementation<\/strong> in the workplace requires more than just correct labeling. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

How do you ensure that your company meets all legal requirements and handles hazardous substances safely?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

In addition to correct labeling, clear measures<\/strong> are crucial for the safe handling of hazardous substances<\/strong>. From correct storage<\/strong> and employee training<\/strong> to digital documentation digital documentation<\/strong><\/a> there are many factors that companies need to consider. <\/p>\n\n

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Professional references & references<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n
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[1]<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)<\/a> []<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) []<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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[2<\/strong>]<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Regulation (EC) No 1272\/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67\/548\/EEC and 1999\/45\/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907\/2006<\/a> []<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024\/197 of 19 October 2023 amending Regulation (EC) No 1272\/2008 as regards the harmonized classification and labelling of certain substances []<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"GHS<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Free GHS guide for your company<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Get a compact overview of all GHS hazard classes with pictograms and H-phrases<\/strong> – clearly explained and supplemented by practical tips for implementation in your company<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2714 Ideal for training, as a reference book or for displaying in the warehouse\u2714 Includes tips on correct labeling & storage\u2714 Can be perfectly combined with the use of SDBcheck\u00ae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Printing tip:<\/strong> Use in portrait format with 2 pages per sheet<\/strong> or stapled<\/strong> in landscape format<\/strong> – for maximum clarity in everyday life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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download now for free<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Act now: Digital hazardous substance management with SDBcheck\u00ae<\/h2>\n\n

A legally compliant hazardous substance management<\/strong><\/a> does not have to be complicated or time-consuming. SDBcheck\u00ae<\/strong><\/a> helps you to implement all GHS requirements efficiently:<\/p>\n\n

\u2714 Manage hazardous substances digitally<\/strong> – put an end to confusing Excel lists\u2714 Safety data sheets<\/a> always to hand<\/strong> – automatic updates and structured filing\u2714 Meet legal requirements<\/strong> – ISO 14001 and 9001 compliant hazardous substances register<\/strong><\/a> easy to manage\u2714 Protection for your team<\/strong> – keep employees informed at all times and ensure safety<\/p>\n\n

\u279c Use SDBcheck\u00ae<\/a> now for simple, digital hazardous substance management<\/a>!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

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test now free of charge<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

Visit our webinar<\/h2>\n\n
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Are you responsible for managing hazardous substances and struggling with confusing Excel lists?<\/strong> Are you missing a simple, digital solution to efficiently maintain your hazardous substances register and keep it up to date?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What you can expect:\u2714 Legal basics explained clearly – what is really important<\/strong>\u2714 Automated reading of safety data sheets – save time instead of typing\u2714 Why a software solution is superior to Excel – efficiency, safety & transparency \u2714 Step-by-step to digital hazardous substance management – from recording to release \u2714 Simple updating & management – always up to date Transparency\u2714 Step-by-step to digital hazardous substance management – from recording to release\u2714 Easy updating & management – always up to date\u2714 Safe release of hazardous substance information for employees – targeted & structured<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Register for the webinar<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for the classification and labelling of chemicals was introduced to ensure the safe handling of hazardous substances worldwide.[1] It ensures that hazardous substances are classified internationally in a uniform manner and labeled with clear GHS pictograms.In the European Union, the implementation of the GHS is legally regulated by the CLP […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":48094,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[476],"tags":[475],"class_list":["post-47167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hazardous-substance-basic-knowledge","tag-list-of-hazardous-substances"],"yoast_head":"\nGHS hazard classes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"GHS hazard classes & pictograms explained \u2713 All 9 GHS symbols with meaning & H-phrases \u2713 Understand GHS correctly 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